| Abstract [eng] |
SUMMARY Research on how adolescents see their future and what goals and plans they set for the future are extremely important in order to help adolescents to cope with increasing demands and tension they inflict. According to J.E. Nurmi (1991, 1993), various difficulties in formulating future plans can be an important indicator of other problems adolescents face. It is obvious, that adolescents‘ future-oriented decisions crucially influence their lifes, furthermore it is normative age-specific task. That is why analysis of future expectations, specific to problematic adolescents, is so important. In this research future-orientation is described in terms of three psychological processes, motivation, planning and evaluation, which is highly influenced by cognitive strategies that moderate the process of evaluating one‘s abilities and setting strategies to achieve goals. The content and time perspective are also important factors of future-orientation (Nurmi, 1991, 1993, 1995; Ruiz, Llinares, Zacares, 2003). This research reveals future expectations specific to problematic (i.e. those who suffer from depression, conduct disorder and eating disorders) adolescents; how they differ from their healthy peers and what factors contribute to these differences. Measure instrument used to find out adolescents‘ goals was „Future Goals and Fears Questionnaire“ (Nurmi, Poole, Seginer, 1992). „The Strategy and Attribution Questionnaire“ was used in order to find out what cognitive strategies adolescents usually engage. Results show that all these groups differ in the way they plan their future. Adolescents, who suffer from depression and those who have conduct disorder, plan their future differently in comparison with healthy peers. What is more, girls, who have eating disorders, tend to plan future like their healthy peers. Motivation to plan future was also different – groups of adolescents who have depression and conduct disorder are not motivated to plan their future, they do not mention many future goals or subgoals. Girls with eating disorders are more motivated to set future goals and arrange subgoals. The evaluation is also different – depressed adolescents and those with conduct disorder tend to think that their plans are not likely to be realised, they mention more negative future events than their peers with eating disorders. These results are important in order to know problematic adolescents better, they also can be used while working with them or motivating them to solve their problems. |
