| Abstract [eng] |
Although there has recently been an increase of empyrical researches in the psychology of understanding emotions there is great lack of work analysing the connection between the understanding of emotions and social experience. The purpose of this work was to do exactly that, namely to analyse how more understanding of complex social emotions, namely guilt and shame depends on the process of socialization. 60 children who had been divided into 2 groops took part in the research. One group consisted of 10-11 year olds living in the orphanage and the other of the same age span children living in the families. In the research the method of story telling was used created relying on the examples of the research conducted by other authors. The researched were asked to compare two situation in the stories: two provoking guilt and another two provoking shame and evaluate in which of them a protagonist felt guiltier or felt greater shame. The results of the research revealed differences between the groups connected with recognition of emotions of guilt and shame and explanation of causes. It has been established that children in both groups connected emotion of guilt with situations involving moral transgression, whereas shame was connected with failure in the social context. Differences between groups when recognizing emotions of guilt and shame became apparent, namely the children living in the orphanage recognized both these emotions in appropriate situations (shame in moral transgression situation and guilt in social mistake situation) more rarely than children growing in the families. The researched in the different groups also explained the causes of guilt and shame emotions differently, namely the children from the orphanage while explaining the causes of guilt emotion in moral transgression stories more often elicited poor answers pointing to moral transgression indirectly, whereas the children growing in the families were able to reveal essential connections of guilt with a moral norm better. The explaination of shame emotion in social mistake situations did not essentially differ in the groups, but was different in moral transgression situations. In this case the children from the orphanage more often pointed to moral transgression, whereas the childre living in the families more often mentioned that there were observers. When evaluating the strength of guilt and shame emotions depending on certain situational factors clear differences between the groups have not been established. The differences that have become apparent between the groups could be connected with different experience of the children which is connected with these two emotions and different emotional developement, namely with harm to children‘s attachment of the ones living in the orphanage and due to this harmed process of socialisation. |
