| Abstract [eng] |
Three cases where EU has different competences and which are the most developed in EU relations with Moldova and Ukraine are analysed here. They include current trade regimes with EU (Autonomous trade preferences in case of Moldova and negotiations on free trade area in case of Ukraine), European Union Border Assistance mission to Moldova and Ukraine (EUBAM) and visa facilitation and readmission agreements. Master’s work argues that deeper cooperation between EU and ENP countries began only after these policies were more harmonized inside the EU and show how EU transfered it‘s experience in these fields to Moldova and Ukraine. The independent variable is EU policy harmonization level while the dependent variable is the transfer of EU recommendations and their implementation in Moldova and Ukraine. The hypothesis is that at the macro level degree of transferring EU recommendations to Moldova and Ukraine depends on concrete policies harmonization level inside the EU. It means that more intense transfer can be expected in policies where EU has exceptional competence and results might be not so good where decision is made by EU member states governments. To conclude, widened understanding of europeanisation theory allows usage of this theory in EU relations with non members. However, it is important to have in mind that the horizontal mechanism used by the EU is not of the same degree of integration in the case of ENP and to EU member states. Such position creates the situation when ENP members are not obliged to implement recommendations and can quite freely chose to which sectors they should give more attention and priority. Without no doubt EU got involved more deeply in coordinating external trade and external aspects of JHA in ENP countries. The analysis of three cases showed that EU JHA policy is complex and includes different ways how to stimulate Moldova‘s and Ukraine progress. Better results were reached in entrance to EU Internal Market sector (custom procedures, rules of origin of goods), where EU institutions had higher competence. On the contrary, less achievements were recorded in economic governance sector (intellectual property rights, public procurement), where EU competence is shared with member states. More active EU‘s policy towards ENP countries in justice and home affairs sphere in 2006-2007 was a result of trying to implement the strategic documents and changes in EU competence in this area during 2001-2005. Better results were made in visa facilitation and readmission area where EU decisions are made by Community method, while despite of very positive evaluation of EUBAM by European Commission and Moldova‘s and Ukraine experts, most of the results are fragmented and effective cooperation between Moldova‘s and Ukraine customs has not been achieved until now. As a result, some progress in EU cooperation with ENP countries was seen, but even in the most developed sectors we can talk only about fragmented structural change. |
