| Abstract [eng] |
A deficit is inevitable main feature of the planned economy. In the absence of market prices and when the exchange mechanism does not work, it is impossible to predict what the user needs. According to Russian economists, deficit ir primarily associeted with excessive goods export and import. Unlike in Western or Lithuanian historiography, in Russia trade deficit is not associated with the objective of the state to regulate prices and planned economy. Soviet deficit is inseparable from the Soviet economic feature to trait everything to the military industry, when other needs remained unsatisfied. The relationship with the official Soviet economic system clearly helps to describe Soviet entrepreneurship.The official Societ economy was completely controlled by the state, the output was produced not on the basis of user demand, but on the plans. For this reason, the official marked was dominated by persistent essential consumer goods deficit. According to Soviet government, this deficit had been reducing every five years. In the case of Šiauliai city, the installation of Soviet trade began in the first Soviet occupation. Even several lows regulating trade was adopted during this period. The enforcement and implementation of these laws was stopped by the war of Germany and SSRS. The restoration of these laws was again started during the second occupation. More than one resolution was adopted to regulate the trade in Šiauliai city during Soviet occupation, which lasted more than half of a century. Alcohol trade question became particularly relevant on the thirds stage. Unfortunately, all of the laws designed to help reduce the deficit and improve the quality did not recieve any higher resonance and oly left as official resolutions. The network of trade grew in Šiaulai city during the whole period of fifty years. New store and deparment centers (Univermag) were opened, trade area steadily increased. New technologies, such as self-service, new packaging, brand presentations were introduced. Despite the fact that trade network had ben increasing, the quality of goods and opportunities to buy deficit goods did not increase. Convenience and stores' layout was negatively rated by customers. The trade in deficit conditions was constantly occompanied by shortages of one or another of goods. It can be argued that the deficit, created by the Soviet regime, was not only the economic problem. A phenomenon it was it was included in most areas of life, also changed the juman consciousness, reinforcing the homo sovieticus society. It is not surprising that this phenomenon can be identified with the sovietization as well as with the development of new personal identity and reengineering of public morality. So the deficit is not only the economic, but also very important social phenomenon. However, the press had been developed dual trader's image. In the addition to the elite of the Soviet trade, there were number of talks about \"bad\" vendors. The unpolite and not tidy sellers could access this list. Soviet sellers were also quite negatively rated by the users. Layout and furnishing of the store, as well as handling and other tasks were exclusively owned by the vendor. Long queues used to shock customers. Longest queues were there, where meat, milk and bread were sold. The disabillity to store and return cardboard packaging was also an ongoing and serious problem. If the customer hadn't any familliar seller, standing in queues could take a lot of time. The advertising was of the poor quality and did not encourage the buyer to purchase more. Speculation and \"blatas\" were the main features of the Soviet deficit trade. They had developed an unique system of communication and hierarchy. |
