| Title |
X-photon 3D lithography by fs-oscillators: wavelength-independent and photoinitiator-free / |
| Authors |
Ladika, Dimitra ; Butkus, Antanas ; Melissinaki, Vasileia ; Skliutas, Edvinas ; Kabouraki, Elmina ; Juodkazis, Saulius ; Farsari, Maria ; Malinauskas, Mangirdas |
| DOI |
10.37188/lam.2024.048 |
| Full Text |
|
| Is Part of |
Light: Advanced manufacturing.. Changchun : Light Publishing Group. 2024, vol. 5, iss. 4, art. no. 48, p. 567-579.. ISSN 2689-9620. eISSN 2831-4093 |
| Keywords [eng] |
3D polymerisation ; additive manufacturing ; laser direct writing ; material engineering ; multi-photon absorption ; nonlinear absorption ; organic-inorganic polymers ; photosensitizer ; SZ2080TM |
| Abstract [eng] |
Laser direct writing employing multi-photon 3D polymerisation is a scientific and industrial tool used in various fields such as micro-optics, medicine, metamaterials, programmable materials, etc., due to the fusion of high-throughput and fine features down to hundreds of nm. Some limitations of technology applicability emerge from photo-resin properties, however any material modifications can strongly affect its printability, as photoexcitation conditions alter as well. Here we present wavelength-independent 3D polymerisation using low peak power laser oscillators. High pulse repetition rate and fast laser direct writing was employed for advancing additive manufacturing out of the SZ2080TM photo-resist without any photo-initiator. Wavelengths of 517 nm, 780 nm, and 1035 nm are shown to be suitable for producing 300 nm polymerized features even at high – up to 105 µm/s–writing speeds. Variation of organic-inorganic ratio in hybrid material results in shift and decrease of the dynamic fabrication window, yet not prohibiting the photo-structuring. Controlled energy deposition per focal volume is achieved due to localized heating enabling efficient 3D printing. Such spatio-selective photo-chemical crosslinking widens optical manufacturing capacity of non-photo-sensitive materials. |
| Published |
Changchun : Light Publishing Group |
| Type |
Journal article |
| Language |
English |
| Publication date |
2024 |
| CC license |
|
