| Abstract [eng] |
Illegal immigration as a mass phenomenon arose in 1980s when majority of the Western European countries, including Kingdom of the Netherlands, made more restrictions on immigration and asylum control. As legal ways of getting into Europe decreased, immigrants chose alternative ways which in most cases were illegal. During the last 20 years this problem stayed in the European Union‘s immigration policy agenda as the priority subject. While trying to stop illegal immigration EU and member states are developing various preventive mechanisms, programs and providing additional funding. Illegal immigration is a challenge that arises at the international level and in order to effectively combat this phenomenon requires cooperation both within the EU countries with each other and with the rest of the world, especially in the field of readmission The aim of this study is to find out why illegal immigration still remains of the EU agenda‘s priority list, as well as to look into what kind of control mechanisms are being applied in order to reduce illegal immigration of third-country nationals to the Europe and why and what kind of problems arise while attempting to implement a set of control principles. Consequently, for the more decent understanding of this problem countries with different migration experience were selected, that being Kingdom of the Netherlands and the Baltic States. In order to achieve these goals, political programs and law regulations for the illegal immigration control of the European Union were analysed. Correspondingly, specific illegal immigration control principles of Kingdom of the Netherlands and the Baltic States and their practical realizations are analysed. To have a better comprehension of the scope of the problem, streams of illegal immigrants to the European Union, the Netherlands and the Baltic States are reviewed. Having done an analysis of politics and law regulations of the European Union, Kingdom of the Netherlands and the Baltic States, findings indicated that directives of this area of the European Union were transposed to all of the countries legislation system. This is the reason why Kingdom of the Netherlands and the Baltic States control mechanisms in this area are similar. In the mentioned countries priority is aimed to different illegal immigration control measures. Regarding the Baltic States, modern and integrated external border control is more relevant, meanwhile in Kingdom of the Netherlands internal illegal immigration control is applied. Illegal third-country nationals are being tried to be excluded from public services and the possibility of employment. On the other hand, practical realization lacks coherence and interinstitutional coordination on the national and international levels. As a result a vast abyss appears between the political objectives and the results of practical implementation. |
