| Abstract [eng] |
The thesis under the title “The genre of complaint as a macroact” focuses on the genre of complaint as a speech macroact. The main aim of the thesis is to analyze and compare the subgenres of complaint (administrative and public complaints) as the macroacts and to pick out the most common features of the genre of complaint. Analysis is composed of three levels: the deep semantic structure analysis, composition of strategies and speech act analysis and analysis of felicity conditions. After carrying out the deep semantic structure analysis, the deep semantic structures of administrative and public complaints were identified and the deep semantic structure of the complaint genre was established: motive – experience of offence; intention – compensation for the offence; social feature – complaint may be submitted in the context of different social relations; foresight of perlocutionarry effect is a specific positive change, locution is the act of naming the offender and the offence; illocution is a report on the offender and the offence; perlocution refers to the actions and (or) thoughts of the addressee that may be influenced. After carrying out the analysis of the strategies and speech acts, it was determined that in the administrative and public complaints different models of composition of strategies are used (in the public complaints there is a substantial variety of the composition of strategies), though the hierarchy of the strategies was noted – the most important strategies in the administrative complaints were the accusation and the act of requesting and in the public ones there were accusations and the acts of warning. After determining that an accusation is expressed in assertives and directives are used to formulate a request or a warning, it can be deduced that these speech acts are the main parts of the genre of complaint as a macroact. Using the already conducted deep semantic structure, strategies and the speech act analysis and the analysis of the excluded material (requests, praises, texts of advertisements etc.), the felicity conditions of the public and administrative complaints were established and when the coincidences of these conditions were noticed, they were determined as felicity conditions of the complaint genre in general: the experience of offence, the use of the strategy of accusation, the act of addressing to a proper addressee. The means of linguistic pragmatics and semantics provided a possibility to reveal the deep and specific structure of the complaint genre and to conclude that the complaint genre in its deep structure is the realization of the aim to right the wrong. This may be considered as an aftermath of the experienced offence and as an attempt to turn negative situation into a positive one or to punish the offender. This method of the synthesis of the linguistic pragmatics and semantics is new in the field of genre analysis and it is perspective and useful when not only the superficial peculiarities, but also the basic specifics are wanted to be researched. |
