| Abstract [eng] |
The present study analyses which technologies can be used and to what extent in order to make the investigation of different criminal offences more effective. The research draws upon institutional reports, ongoing projects and research conducted to investigate the trends of inventions utilised in Lithuania. In Lithuanian pre-trial investigation institutions, the most modern tools employed for various investigative activities include Google Maps, 3D laser scanners and unmanned aerial vehicles, which facilitate preparation for investigative activities, as well as the collection and processing of information concerning criminal offences. In order to introduce new technologies into expert practice, the Lithuanian Forensic Expertise Centre is updating its software for IT investigations, applying the automatic voice identification method in phonoscopic expert investigations and the document age determination method in document expert investigations. The present paper analyses the most important features of these technologies and their applicability in the work of pre-trial investigation officers and experts. The analysis also examines the limitations encountered in the practical use of the devices and offers suggestions on how to increase the efficiency of the technologies used in order to achieve faster and more accurate investigation results. The paper also provides a detailed analysis of the possibilities of applying artificial intelligence in criminal investigations. It discusses the benefits of these systems and highlights the potential threats that the use of these systems in law enforcement can pose. The analysis delves into the potential violations of an individual's right to privacy and discriminatory outcomes arising from the utilisation of biometric identification systems for off-label applications. Additionally, it explores the implications of artificial intelligence generative models, such as ChatGPT, on the right to an effective trial, particularly in scenarios where their deployment impacts the decision-making process. The analysis of the Artificial Intelligence Act provides suggestions on how the risk of human rights violations through the use of artificial intelligence in law enforcement can be minimised, and highlights the key requirements to be met by artificial intelligence systems used to investigate criminal offences, which fall under the different risk categories. |
