| Abstract [eng] |
Lukas Zmejevskis Optimization of unmanned aerial vehicle usage methodology in outcrop survey Summary The developing technology of unmanned aerial vehicles is one of the most usable examples of consumer technology in science, especially in the field of cartography. The current easily accessible unmanned aerial vehicles provide an opportunity to produce very high-quality aerial photographs with a considerably low amount of resources. Such practises pave way to use the photographs not only in the production of maps but also in the creation of 3D models, based on the principles of photogrammetry. In order to create the aforementioned models, the methodology applied has to be optimised with the current technology and it also has to remain up-to-date. To achieve this goal, the many years standing principles of digital photography and photogrammetry are used by applying them in any hardware and software available. In the present work, the development of methodology has been divided into several main phases: the choice of hardware and software, the acquisition of aerial images, the processing of the aerial images and the transformation of those images into a 3D model. Each of these steps is described in high detail and a shortlist of recommendations is presented in the end of the work. The hardware has been chosen based on two principal aspects: the efficiency of the usability and the existence of the necessary functions. The unmanned aerial vehicle used for the present work is not very expensive or highly specialized, therefore, it is easily affordable and has all the necessary documentation in order to be used efficiently. Also, this aerial vehicle fully meets the functional and photographic quality requirements. The methodology of the production of aerial images has been used specifically in the mapping of outcrops. The methods described are used in the needed coverage of the object, the geometrical qualities and surface textures are also recorded accordingly. The methodology of the processing of the aerial photographs is based on the uncompressed RAW format abilities with a purpose to achieve the best possible quality of the final JPEG format and the most realistic image thereby facilitating the automatic transformation of images. The photograph transformation section describes the selected options in the chosen software. The options are optimised in order to get the best possible quality by using the processing computer power available. In the final section, the examples of how to transfer the model into a familiar GIS environment and the kind of possible analysis which could be performed with the model are given. The work describes the entire process, the methods needed and rules to be followed to produce the most expressive and accurate model of the outcrop which could be further used for scientific purposes. The process is optimised so it would not take much time and could be mastered by a user who possesses basic knowledge of photography and unmanned aerial vehicle control. Key words: unmanned aerial vehicle, photogrammetry, stereophotogrammetry, 3D modelling, outcrop, aerial photography. |
