Title Square root of a multivector of clifford algebras in 3D: A game with signs
Authors Acus, Artūras ; Dargys, Adolfas
DOI 10.3390/math14020209
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Is Part of Mathematics.. Basel : MDPI. 2026, vol. 14, iss. 2, art. no. 209, p. 1-24.. ISSN 2227-7390
Keywords [eng] quare root of multivector ; clifford algebra ; geometric algebra ; computer-aided theory
Abstract [eng] An algorithm is presented to extract the square root from a multivector (MV) in real Clifford algebras Clp,q, where n=p+q≤3, in radicals. It is shown that in Cl3,0, Cl1,2, and Cl0,3 algebras, there are up to four isolated square roots in a case of the most general (generic) MV. The algebra Cl2,1 is an exception and, there, the MV can have up to 16 isolated roots. In addition, a continuum of roots has been found in all Clifford algebras except p+q=1. Examples which clarify computations are provided to illustrate the properties of roots in all n=3 algebras. The results may be useful in solving nonlinear equations, like for example, the Clifford–Riccati equation.
Published Basel : MDPI
Type Journal article
Language English
Publication date 2026
CC license CC license description