| Abstract [eng] |
In recent years, the European Union's restrictive measures against the Russian Federation in response to the conflict in Ukraine have been the subject of many wide-ranging analyses, in the fields of political science, international relations and economics. Nevertheless, in the field of law, there is still a lack of efforts in assessing them. This work is an attempt to look at this topic through the prism of European Union law. The first part of the paper examines the legal regulation of the European Union restrictive measures (sanctions). Beginning with the origins of the European Union, the issue of the origins of Common Foreign and Security Policy is examined. As well as the manner in which economic sanctions were adopted in those times. The paper goes on to examine the effects of the entry into force of the Treaty of Lisbon as regards the analysis of the Common Foreign and Security Policy. The author examines the unique position of this policy in the Treaty on European Union and in the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union, further consistently assessing the role of its actors: the Member States and Union institutions The next part outlines the implementing measures for this policy area (for example, the nature of the Council decisions). Finally, it focuses on one of the instruments of the Common Foreign and Security Policy - the legal mechanism for restrictive measures. The paper describes their goals, principles, as well as procedural aspects: adoption, implementation, monitoring processes. Following this, the second part of the work first briefly describes the events of 2014, from the mass demonstrations of Ukrainian citizens against the non-signature of the Association Agreement with the European Union, to the illegal annexation of Crimea by Russia - an unprecedented act of aggression against another sovereign state (the first since the end of the second world war ), finally leading to the European Union adopting the above-mentioned measures aimed at correcting the behavior of the Russian regime. The third part deals with the specific restrictive measures concerning the Russian Federation and the actions taken by its leadership: (a) in response to actions that directly harm Ukraine's territorial integrity, sovereignty and independence; (b) trade restrictions regarding Crimea and Sevastopol; (c) and finally the sectoral / economic measures against Russia. The fourth part examines the first cases brought before the General Court of the European Union and the Court of Justice of the European Union. |
