| Abstract [eng] |
The phenomenon of corruption is complex, so we could not single out an universal definition of corruption. The most common forms of corruption in national sources are bribery, trading in influence and bribery. In the sources of international law, corruption is defined more broadly, highlighting the fact of abuse of power. The best-known classifications of corruption are its assessment by quantitative criteria, distinguishing forms of corruption depending on the type of decisions made by its subjects, and distinguishing forms of corruption depending on the degree of public tolerance for respective acts of corruption and the intensity of it. The fundamental idea of human rights law is full and consistent respect for the rights and freedoms of every individual. The concept of human rights law is enshrined in international human rights instruments - the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, the European Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms, and others. Corruption hinders national cultural, social, political, legal development, and where corruption is a widespread part of the system, it is very difficult to ensure, respect and protect human rights. It is therefore important to find a legal link between corruption and violations of human rights law and the negative impact of those violations on individuals' exercise of their rights and freedoms. However, human rights law does not include the right to be free from corruption, and international anti-corruption treaties explicitly do not include mechanisms for the protection of human rights. The main anti-corruption mechanisms focus on the fight against corruption, helping to identify shortcomings in national anti-corruption measures and providing guidance and expert support to encourage the necessary legal, institutional or practical reforms along the way. Together, the main anti-corruption mechanisms indirectly make a positive difference to the improvement of the human rights situation, as the protection of human rights and the fight against corruption are mutually reinforcing. The United Nations Convention against Corruption is one of the key mechanisms in the fight against corruption, and this document focuses on international cooperation, the prevention of corruption and the implementation of a coordinated anti-corruption policy. The integration of corruption and human rights law is essential to improve compliance with human rights standards and the control of corruption. |
