| Abstract [eng] |
The Master thesis analyses the state of poverty in Lithuania and its determinants. Courses of action for poverty reduction are presented based on the performed analysis of poverty situation in Lithuania. The paper comprises an introduction, three chapters and summary of results. The introduction examines the relevance of the subject, describes the scientific problem, formulates the objective and tasks of the paper and presents the research methods used. In the first chapter, the evolution of the poverty concept, its features, types, measurement and factors causing poverty were analysed from the theoretical point of view. The concept of social exclusion was discussed, and concept and lines of absolute and relative poverty were analysed. In the second chapter, analysis of relative poverty in Lithuania was carried out. Change tendencies during the period of 2005–2013 were established. Poverty lines, poverty risk level and depth were examined. Change rates compared to the previous year and to the basic year were calculated. Indicators of factors, which affect the changes of poverty level indicators, were examined. Relationship strength and influence of poverty and its determinants were calculated. In the third chapter of the paper, directions and measures for poverty reduction in Lithuania are presented. In the Master’s thesis it was established that the relative line of poverty changes from year to year. As the standard of living in the country increases, the poverty line increases as well. Its change variations are best explained by the average consumption expenditure, wages and average disposable income. The poverty risk level was also increasing, and this was influenced by the unemployment level, income inequality and education of individuals. In the meantime, the depth of the poverty risk decreased. After carrying out an analysis it was determined that residents of rural areas, children, retirees and the unemployed were the most destitute. The problem of poverty in Lithuania is also faced by those having jobs. It was determined that unemployment, inequality of income, average disposable income, salary, education and even harmful habits affect the change of poverty in Lithuania. The following courses of action should be pursued to reduce the poverty in Lithuania: increase of jobs, raising of minimum, wages and pensions, establishment of proportionate remuneration for qualified work, and reduction of social or unemployment benefits in order not to encourage the people to remain unemployed or work illegally. Such actions like reduction of income inequality and strengthening of the family status seeking to protect the children against poverty are also important. |
